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Astragalus is a large genus of over 3,000 species[2] of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and the subfamily Faboideae. It is the largest genus of plants in terms of described species.[3] The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include milkvetch (most species), locoweed (in North America, some species)[4] and goat's-thorn (A. gummifer, A. tragacantha). Some pale-flowered vetches (Vicia spp.) are similar in appearance, but they are more vine-like than Astragalus.
Traditional medicine
Astragalus has been used in traditional Chinese medicine over centuries to treat various disorders, but there is no high-quality evidence that it is effective or safe for any medical purpose.[11][12]
Phytochemicals and supplements
Extracts of astragalus root include diverse phytochemicals, such as saponins and isoflavone flavonoids, which are purported in traditional practices to increase lactation in nursing mothers.[13] There is no valid clinical evidence to indicate such use is effective or safe for the mother or infant.[13] Dietary supplement products containing astragalus extracts may not have been adequately tested for efficacy, safety, purity or consistency.[13] The root extracts of astragalus may be used in soups, teas or sold in capsules.[11]
Side effects and toxicology
Although astragalus supplements are generally well tolerated, mild gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, and allergic reactions may occur.[11][13] Because astragalus may affect regulation of blood sugar and blood pressure, it may be risky for people with blood disorders, diabetes, or hypertension to use it as a supplement.[11] Astragalus may interact with prescribed drugs that suppress the immune system, such as medications used by people being treated for cancer or recovery from organ transplants.[11]
Some astragalus species can be toxic, such as those found in the United States containing the neurotoxin swainsonine, which causes "locoweed" poisoning in animals.[11] Some astragalus species may contain high levels of selenium, possibly causing toxicity.[11]
Potential uses
Immune support: Astragalus is traditionally used to boost the immune system and may help prevent or lessen the severity of colds and other upper respiratory illnesses, especially when taken preventatively.
Cancer treatment side effect reduction: Studies suggest it may help reduce nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bone marrow suppression in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Heart health: Research indicates it may improve heart function, lower blood pressure, and potentially help treat viral myocarditis by lowering heart enzymes.
Diabetes management: Some studies suggest it may help control blood sugar and improve insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.
Kidney support: It has been studied as an adjunctive therapy for chronic kidney disease, with some evidence showing it may improve kidney function and reduce protein in the urine.
Allergy relief: Research suggests it may help relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing and itching, particularly when taken regularly before pollen season.
Liver support: It may help with certain symptoms of liver disease, such as cirrhosis, though more human research is needed.