The common valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to Europe and southwestern Asia.[1][2] It is the type species of the genus Valeriana.[3]
Traditional medicine
Valerian (V. officinalis) essential oil
Valerian is a common traditional medicine used for treating insomnia. Some sources describe its effectiveness for this purpose as weak, ineffective, inconclusive, or low.[13][18][26][27] Two meta-analyses concluded that valerian may improve sleep quality.[28][29] A 2006 meta-analysis concluded that there was insufficient evidence to determine valerian's effectiveness or safety for anxiety disorders.[30] Another meta-analysis found that valerian may be safe and effective for improving sleep and reducing anxiety and that inconsistent results in past research could possibly stem from variability in extract quality.[31]
In contrast, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the health claim that valerian can be used as a traditional herb to relieve mild nervous tension and to aid sleep; the EMA's Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products recognises valerian dry ethanol extract as a well-established herbal medicine for relieving mild nervous tension and improving sleep, based on multiple randomised, controlled, double-blind clinical trials, expert reports, sleep-EEG studies, and traditional use demonstrating gradual improvements in sleep and mild nervous tension symptoms.[15][32]
Germany's Commission E, the scientific advisory board responsible for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal substances, has approved valerian as an effective mild sedative.[33][34]
Valerian has not been shown to be helpful in treating restless leg syndrome.[3